Active methodologies association with online learning fatigue among medical students.

BACKGROUND: Due to the current scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic and the social distancing issues, distance learning was implemented in many medical schools. Educational institutions faced the challenge of continuing to promote teaching and learning while keeping teachers and students in their homes, aiming to reduce the spread of the virus. This change compromised the students' mental health, due to the degree of exhaustion or fatigue attributed to the involvement in videoconferences, called "zoom fatigue". Despite the importance of zoom fatigue for medical education, it can be observed that there have not been studies on the role of the online teaching and learning process through active methodologies in the genesis of this fatigue. We aimed to assess the association of the teaching method used and the prevalence of zoom fatigue. METHODS: A cross-sectional, quantitative, analytical study was carried out in Medical Schools of Ceará, Brazil. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) teaching methodology is the only methodology used in the first semester and PBL together with traditional teaching, i.e., hybrid teaching, is used in the other ones. The Zoom Exhaustion & Fatigue Scale (ZEF) was used, with the questions currently validated for Brazilian Portuguese. Chi-square tests were used to verify the statistical association between the measured variables and the teaching methodology. RESULTS: The prevalence of zoom fatigue reached 56% in students using the hybrid model, versus 41% in those using the PBL methodology, with a statistically significant difference (p value = 0.027). The mean prevalence of overall zoom fatigue was 48%. Students using the hybrid methodology differed from PBL students by having a significantly higher frequency of feelings of wanting to be alone after a videoconference (16.9 vs. 7.1%, respectively) and needing time to be alone after a video conference (10.2 vs. 3.6%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Considering that zoom fatigue may stay with us for years beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to know and provide instructions on how to reduce video conferencing fatigue. The present study suggests that the active participation of students and the number of activities are important factors to be considered.

Endodontic treatment during COVID-19 pandemic - Economic perception of dental professionals

Aim: This study evaluated, by the application of questionnaires, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical routine and inspection by the competent authorities, on the flow of patients in the office, as well as on possible changes in Endodontic treatment costs and the amounts charged to patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2nd, 2020 to May 6th, 2020, using an online questionnaire with a convenience sample. The inclusion criterion was professionals who perform endodontic treatments in daily clinical practice and who professional setting is private practice. The questionnaire brought questions about the impact on costs and the amount charged to the patient. Results: A total of 1042 questionnaires were answered from all the different states of Brazil, by professional who usually perform Endodontic treatment, and who is working in private practice. A total of 1010 (96.9%) respondents affirm it was necessary to modify the protective equipment in endodontic treatment due to pandemic and longer intervals between appointments was cited by 922 (88.5%), economically affecting the dental practice. There was no association between routine changes and economic impacts with gender, professional experience, area of residence or education level. Conclusion: In conclusion, most dental professionals recognized changes in the routine of endodontic treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. They have a perception of increase in endodontic costs, and reduction in the volume of patients

Occurrence and patterns of orofacial injury in CrossFit practitioners.

BACKGROUND: CrossFit is an activity that can provide positive influences on body composition and physical fitness. However, the occurrence or pattern of possible injuries, especially in the orofacial region, has not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and patterns of orofacial injuries in CrossFit practitioners. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study carried out using an online questionnaire on the Google Forms platform. The volunteers were self-selected men and women who practice CrossFit and reside in Brazilian municipalities. The online survey was conducted during April 2020 and comprised 12 questions. The data were analyzed, categorized, and presented as percentages. RESULTS: These were 65 (27.8%) participants who reported having suffered at least one episode of orofacial trauma and they were more prevalent during training sessions 58 (89.2%). Among the regions with the highest frequency of injuries, the head 23 (21%), mental protuberance 22 (19.6%), upper lip 19 (16.9%), and maxillary teeth 14 (12.5%) were the most cited. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of injuries in the head region indicates a potential concern. Preference should be given to making mouthguards for the maxillary teeth, as they are significantly more affected by trauma during CrossFit when compared to the mandibular teeth.

Covid-19 in the State of Ceará: behaviors and beliefs in the arrival of the pandemic. / COVID-19 no estado do Ceará, Brasil: comportamentos e crenças na chegada da pandemia.

This study aimed to evaluate the behavioral aspects and beliefs of the population of Ceará in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire was conducted on sociodemographic aspects and opinions related to the pandemic. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated, the association between variables was performed with Chi-square, and the level of significance was 5%. The final sample had 2,259 participants, and an association was observed between females and perceiving themselves with a high risk of infection (p = 0.044) and males with non-performance of voluntary quarantine (p < 0.001). People aged 80 years and over were partially quarantined due to the flow of people at home (p < 0.001). Participants with elementary school education had a lower risk of infection than participants with a higher level of education (p < 0.001). This group includes people who did voluntary quarantine the least (p < 0.001). Participants living in the inland region of the state had less direct contact with someone tested positive for the Coronavirus (p = 0.031) and are less reclusive (p < 0.001). We can conclude that the approach to the COVID-19 pandemic varies by social aspects, such as gender, age, education, and place of residence, as well as the belief system of the population of the State of Ceará.

Cuidados com a transmissão: o que levou o Ceará ao epicentro da COVID-19? / Transmission care: what led Ceará to be the epicenter of COVID-19? / Cuidados de la transmisión: ¿qué ha hecho Ceará para ser el epicentro de la COVID-19?

Objetivo: Investigar os cuidados e as percepções da população cearense na busca de respostas sobre o que pode ter levado o Ceará ao epicentro da COVID-19 no Nordeste do Brasil. Métodos: Aplicou-se um questionário online contendo perguntas sobre aspectos sociodemográficos, percepções e cuidados relacionados à transmissão do coronavírus 2 com 2.452 pessoas em 2020. Foi realizada estatística descritiva, além da associação entre variáveis por meio do teste qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Os homens usavam menos máscaras e lavavam menos as mãos (p<0,001) que as mulheres (p<0,001). Aqueles que vivem no interior cumprem menos o isolamento social (p=0,004), usam menos máscaras, têm lavado menos as mãos (p<0,001) e percebem que as pessoas ao seu redor não cumprem as medidas de prevenção usando máscaras (p<0,001). Semelhantemente, os mais jovens são os que estão menos em isolamento social (p<0,001) e os que menos utilizam máscaras (p<0,001). Aqueles com nível médio são os que mais estão trabalhando, e os com nível fundamental são os mais favoráveis ao retorno ao trabalho (p<0,001), os que menos confiam no sistema de saúde (p=0,002) e os que menos usam máscaras (p<0,001). Conclusão: Aspectos culturais e comportamentais, notadamente de homens, jovens, pessoas com baixa escolaridade e moradores do interior já sinalizavam para que o estado viesse a ser um epicentro regional da pandemia no Brasil.

Objective: To investigate the care taken by the population of Ceará and their perceptions in search for answers about what may have led Ceará to be the epicenter of COVID-19 in Northeastern Brazil. Methods: An online questionnaire containing questions about sociodemographic aspects and perceptions and care related to the transmission of coronavirus 2 was administered to 2452 people in 2020. Descriptive statistics was performed and associations between variables was checked by the Chi-squared test with a 5% significance level. Results: Men wore masks and washed their hands less often (p<0.001) than women (p<0.001). Those who lived in the countryside self-isolated less (p=0.004), wore masks less often, washed their hands less often (p<0.001) and perceived that people around them did not comply with preventive measures like wearing masks (p<0.001). Similarly, the youngest were those who self-isolated the least (p<0.001) and those who least wore masks (p<0.001). Those with secondary education were the ones who were working the most and those with primary education were the most keen on returning to work (p<0.001), the ones who least trusted the health system (p=0.002) and who least wore masks (p<0.001). Conclusion: Cultural and behavioral aspects, particularly among men, young people, people with low education and countryside dwellers, were already a sign back then that the state would become a regional epicenter of the pandemic in Brazil.

Objetivo: Investigar los cuidados y las percepciones de la población de Ceará en la búsqueda de respuestas sobre lo que ha permitido Ceará ser el epicentro de la COVID-19 en el Noreste de Brasil. Métodos: Se ha aplicado una encuesta online con preguntas sobre los aspectos sociodemográficos, las percepciones y los cuidados de la transmisión del coronavirus 2 con 2.452 personas en 2020. Se ha realizado la estadística descriptiva y la asociación entre variables a través de la prueba chi-cuadrado con el nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados: Los hombres usaban menos mascarillas y lavaban menos las manos (p<0,001) que las mujeres (p<0,001). Los que viven en pueblos cumplen menos el aislamiento social (p=0,004), usan menos mascarillas, lavan menos las manos (p<0,001) y perciben que las personas de su alrededor no cumplen las medidas de prevención usando las mascarillas (p<0,001). De manera similar, los más jóvenes son los que menos cumplen el aislamiento social (p<0,001) y los que menos usan las mascarillas (p<0,001). Aquellos con el nivel medio de educación son los que más trabajan y los con el nivel básico son los más favorables para volver al trabajo (p<0,001), los que se fían menos del sistema de salud (p=0,002) y los que menos usan las mascarillas (p<0,001). Conclusión: Los aspectos culturales y de conducta de hombres, jóvenes, personas de baja escolaridad y los que viven en pueblos han contribuido para que el estado fuera el epicentro regional de la pandemia en Brasil.

COVID-19 no Estado do Ceará: Comportamentos e crenças na chegada da pandemia / Covid-19 in the State of Ceará: Behaviors and beliefs in the arrival of the pandemic

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os aspectos comportamentais e as crenças da população cearense frente a pandemia de COVID-19. Foi realizado um questionário onlinesobre aspectos sociodemográficos e opiniões relacionados a pandemia. Foram calculadas frequências absoluta e relativa, a associação entre variáveis foi realizada comQui-quadrado eo nível de significância foi de 5%. A amostra final contou com 2.259 participantes e foi observada associação entre o gênero feminino com um alto risco de contaminação (p=0,044) e o gênero masculino com a não realização voluntária da quarentena (p<0,001). Pessoas com 80 anos ou mais realizaram quarentena parcialmente devido ao fluxo de pessoas em casa (p<0,001).Os participantes com o ensino fundamental consideraram que estão em um nível de risco menos alto que os participantes com grau de escolaridade mais elevado (p<0,001). Neste grupo estão as pessoas que menos fizeram quarentena voluntária (p<0,001). Os participantes que moram no interior do Estado, tiveram menos contato direto com alguém testado positivamente para o coronavírus (p=0,031) e estão menos reclusos (p<0,001).É possível concluir que a abordagem frente a pandemia de COVID-19 varia de acordo com aspectos sociais, como gênero, idade, escolaridade e local de residência, assim como o sistema de crenças da população do Estado do Ceará.

The aim of this study as to evaluate the behavior al aspects and belief sof the population of Ceará in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire was conducted on sociodemographic aspects and opinions related to the pandemic. Absolute and relative requencies were calculated, the association between variables was performed with Chi-square and the level of significance as 5%. The final sample had 2,259 participants and an association was observed between the female gender with a high riskofcontamination (p = 0.044) and the male gender with voluntary non-performance of the quarantine (p <0.001). People aged 80 and over werepartiallyquarantinedduetotheflowofpeopleat home (p <0.001). Participants with primary education considered that they were at a lower risk level than participants with a higher level of education (p <0.001). In this group are the people who did the least voluntary quarantine (p <0.001). Participants who live in the interior of the state hadless direct contact with someone tested positive for the coronavírus (p = 0.031) and are lessinmates (p <0.001). It is possible to conclude that the approach to the COVID-19 pandemic varies according to social aspects, such as gender, age, education and place of residence, as well as the belief system of the population of the Stateof Ceará.(AU)

Salivary flow and xerostomia in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVES: To assess salivary flow in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and its association with xerostomia. METHODS: Cross-sectional clinical study conducted with older patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least one year receiving treatment at the Integrated Center for Diabetes and Hypertension of Ceará (CIHD) in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. Oral clinical examination was carried out to assess the decayed, missing and filled teeth index (DMFT). Perception of the presence of xerostomia/dry mouth was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale. Stimulated salivary flow was measured and samples were obtained using an extra-soft silicone device. RESULTS: 120 older patients with diabetes (60 insulin-dependent and 60 non-insulin-dependent) aged 65-91 years, with a mean age of 72.26 ± 6.53 years, were assessed. Of these, 111 (92.5%) presented a decrease in salivary flow while 59 (49.2%) reported moderate to severe xerostomia/dry mouth. The DMFT Index presented a mean of 27.53 ± 4.86 teeth. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced salivary flow was found in the group assessed in the present research; however, this finding is not in accordance with the perception of xerostomia/dry mouth reported by the patients.

Fibroma ossificante periférico ­ Relato longitudinal de dois casos clínicos / Long-term follow-up of peripheral ossifying fibroma ­ report of two cases

O fibroma ossificante periférico é uma lesão não neoplásica proliferativa, não patognomônico, de evolução lenta e indolor, que acomete os tecidos gengivais. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo relatar dois casos clínicos desta lesão em um acompanhamento em longo prazo, ressaltando os aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos, bem como seu tratamento e prognóstico.

The peripheral ossifying fibroma is a non-neoplasic, proliferative lesion of painless and slow evolutive character, which involves the gingival tissues. This paper reports on two clinical cases in a long-term follow-up highlightening their clinical and histopathologic aspects, treatment, and outcomes.

Princípios ativos de enxaguatórios bucais comercializados em fortaleza, seus tipos e suas informações / Active principles of oral mouthwashes commercialized in Fortaleza, their types and their information

Enxaguatórios bucais são substâncias antimicrobianas utilizadas como coadjuvante do controle mecânico do biofilme dentário na intenção de auxiliar na prevenção das doenças periodontais e cárie dentária. Entre os princípios ativos mais utilizados na composição dos enxaguatórios bucais encontram-se a clorexidina, cloreto de cetilpiridínio, triclosan, óleos essenciais e plantas medicinais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os princípios ativos de enxaguatórios bucais comercializados em Fortaleza, comparando seus tipos e suas informações nos produtos e nos sites das principais empresas que os comercializam. Foram investigadas as composições químicas de enxaguatórios bucais nos sites dos principais fabricantes brasileiros de produtos de higiene oral (Colgate®; Oral-B®; Listerine®; Sanofi©; Sanifill®; Daudt®; Kleyhertz®; Bitufo®) na intenção de verificar os respectivos princípios ativos. Ao mesmo tempo, nas principais redes de farmácia da cidade de Fortaleza que atuam nacionalmente, a mesma investigação foi realizada diretamente no produto. Os enxaguatórios foram separados de acordo com o seu nome comercial, informações disponíveis no site, composição descrita no rótulo do produto e princípio ativo. Os resultados foram descritos de acordo com cada fabricante. Entre as 8 fábricas pesquisadas, 57 marcas comerciais de enxaguatórios bucais contendo os mais variados princípios ativos foram encontradas. O cloreto de cetilpiridínio foi o mais utilizado estando em produtos de 5 empresas. Pode-se concluir que os fabricantes nacionais de enxaguatórios bucais falham ao informar sobre os princípios ativos contidos em seus produtos, além de algumas empresas exagerarem na gama de produtos postos à venda, o que causa dificuldades ao dentista na hora de prescrever e ao paciente na hora de comprar (AU)

Mouthwashes are antimicrobial substances used as an adjunct to mechanical control of dental plaque in an attempt to help prevent periodontal disease and tooth decay. Among the most commonly used active ingredients in the composition of mouthwashes are chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride, triclosan, essential oils and medicinal plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the active ingredients of mouthwashes commercialized in Fortaleza, comparing their types and their information on the products and on the websites of major companies that sell them. Investigated the chemical compositions of mouthwashes on the websites of major Brazilian manufacturers of oral hygiene products (Colgate®; Oral-B®; Listerine®; Sanofi©; Sanifill®; Daudt®; Kleyhertz®; Bitufo®) in order to verify their active ingredients. At the same time, the leading drugstore chains in the city of Fortaleza that operate nationally, the same research was carried out directly on the product. The rinses were separated according to their trade name, information available on the website, composition described on the product labeland active ingredient. The results were described according to each manufacturer. Among the surveyed factories 8, 57 trademarks mouthwashes containing various active ingredients were found. The cetylpyridinium chloride is the most widely used being 5 in product companies. It can be concluded that the domestic manufacturers of mouthwashes fail to inform about the active ingredients contained in their products, and some companies exaggerate the range of products offered for sale, which causes difficulties to the dentist at the time of prescribing and patient in time to buy. (AU)

Avaliação de vídeos sobre Suporte Básico de Vida (SBV) publicados no Youtube / Evaluation of Basic Life Support (BLS) videos published on YouTube

O presente trabalho tratará de uma análise de vídeos do YouTube relacionada ao suporte básico de vida de acordo com as diretrizes da American HeartAssociation (AHA) de 2010. O trabalho em questão é uma pesquisa do tipo exploratória, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada no sítio de compartilhamento de vídeos do YouTube, cujo endereço é "www.youtube.com.br, um "site bastante acionado pelos usuários da "internet" para adquirir conhecimentos de qualquer área. Foram analisados 104 vídeos. A média de duração dos vídeos foi de 6 minutos e 21 segundos. Dos 104 vídeos, 40 (38%) estavam de acordo com AHA e 64 (62%) não estavam conforme as diretrizes AHA. Quanto ao número de erros por vídeos os resultados demonstraram que metade dos vídeos analisados apresentaram 3 erros de publicação de acordo com AHA de 2010. Os vídeos analisados perfizeram um total de 148 desconformidades. O não seguimento da sequência CABD foi o erro mais comum observado com 45 (30,4%) aparições. Em relação à autoria dos vídeos, estes foram publicados por organização/instituição, pessoa física e ONG. Os vídeos analisados apresentaram um grande número de visualizações obtendo uma média de 23.829 visualizações... (AU)

This research will deal with an analysis of YouTube videos related to basic life support according to the guidelines of the American Heart Association (AHA) 2010. These is an exploratory research with a quantitative approach, carried out at the site of sharing YouTube videos, whose address is "www.youtube.com.br " a " site " that is very driven by users internet " to acquire knowledge in any field . 104 videos were analyzed. The average length of the videos were 6 minutes and 21 seconds. Of the 104 videos analyzed, 40 (38 %) were in accordance with AHA and 64 (62%) were not in accordance with guidelines AHA. As for the number of errors per video results showed that half of the videos analyzed present 3 Mistakes of publication according to AHA 2010. Videos analyzed resulted in a total of 148 discontinuities in total. Failure to follow the sequence CABD was the most common error observed in 45 (30.4%) appearances. Regarding the authorship of the videos were posted by the same organization / institution, individuals and NGOs. The videos analyzed showed a large number of views getting an average of 23,829 views... (AU)

Abscesso cerebral desencadeado por infecção odontogênica? / Brain abscess due to odontogenic infection? Case report

O abscesso cerebral é uma infecção encapsulada que acomete o tecido cerebral promovendo um efeito de massa que desloca as demais estruturas cerebrais, causando diversos sintomas. Este é resultado de uma infecção ou foco próximo às meninges, onde as bactérias se disseminam, atingindo a área cerebral. Os sintomas mais frequentemente apresentados são cefaleia, rigidez do pescoço, vômito, estado febril e fraqueza. O objetivo do presente estudo foi apresentar o relato de caso de uma paciente que, após tratamento periodontal, evoluiu para um quadro de meningite bacteriana e, posteriormente, abscesso cerebral. A paciente entrou em antibioticoterapia (oxacilina, metronidazol e ceftriaxona) durante cinco semanas. Foi realizada uma sequência de exames para obtenção do diagnóstico e realização do tratamento. Foram analisados exames como tomografia, hemograma, ressonância magnética, punção lombar da medula, radiografia do tórax e ecocardiograma. Depois de analisado todo o caso, a suspeita mais evidente para o desencadeamento do quadro infeccioso cerebral foi a intervenção periodontal.

The brain abscess is an infection that affects the encapsulated brain tissue, promoting a mass effect that moves the other brain structures, causing various symptoms. This is the result of an infection or outbreak near ace meninges, where the bacteria spread, reaching the brain area. Symptoms most often appear are headache, stiff neck, vomit, fever and weakness. This study presents a case report of a patient after periodontal treatment, evolved into a framework of bacterial meningitis and subsequent cerebral abscess. The patient went into antibiotics (oxacillin, metronidazole and ceftriaxone) for about 5 weeks. We performed a series of tests, for the diagnosis and continuing treatment. CT scans were analyzed as, CBC, MRI, spinal tap spinal, chest radiography and echocardiography. After examining all cases, the most evident suspected to trigger the brain infection was periodontal intervention.

Necrose tecidual causada por alúmen de potássio / Tissue necrosis caused by potassium alumina: case report

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar um caso clínico de necrose tecidual causada por alúmen de potássio. Paciente do sexo feminino realizou procedimento de enxerto de tecido conjuntivo para tratamento de defeito de rebordo classe I. Aos sete dias do período pós-operatório, observou-se extensa necrose da área receptora e do tecido enxertado. A paciente relatou que utilizou bochechos diários de alúmen de potássio para controle de edema e sangramento. O alúmen de potássio interferiu negativamente no processo de reparo tecidual.

The aim of this present study is to describe a case report of tissue necrosis caused by potassium alumina. Subepithelial connective tissue graft was used in the treatment of class I alveolar ridge defect. After seven days an extensive necrosis of the tissue graft and the receptor area was observed. The patient related that used potassium alumina solution as mouthrinse daily to control edema and bleeding. Potassium alumina had a negative influence in the tissue repair process.

Água de coco em pó como suplemento hidroeletrolítico e energético para atletas / Powdered coconut water as hydroelectrolytic and energetic supplement for athletes / Agua de coco en polvo como suplemento hidroelectrolítico y energético para atletas

RESUMOIntrodução:O uso de bebidas esportivas vem sendo adotado em diversas modalidades com o intuito de propiciar hidratação adequada durante atividades físicas. A água do coco verde vem sendo usada como repositor de eletrólitos devido à sua composição físico-química rica em sais minerais.Objetivo:Avaliar uma bebida esportiva à base de água de coco em pó (ACP ) a partir de um blend de ACP com polpa de maracujá (Passiflora edulis S.) voltada ao mercado de alimentos funcionais, com o objetivo de melhorar o desempenho de atletas amadores e profissionais em relação a um produto repositor eletrolítico já estabelecido no mercado (Gatorade sabor maracujá).Métodos:O experimento obedeceu a um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 3 (2 gêneros x 2 tipos de bebidas x 3 dias da semana), comparando o desempe-nho de dois grupos de atletas, sendo cinco atletas do sexo masculino e cinco atletas do sexo feminino, em relação à eficácia de dois suplementos hidroeletrolíticos (ACP com 20% de polpa de maracujá e Gatorade sabor maracujá) em diferentes dias da semana (segunda-feira, quarta-feira e sexta-feira).Resultados:ACP com polpa de maracujá apresentou resultados semelhantes ao Gatorade sabor maracujá em relação à os-molaridade plasmática do sangue dos atletas, os quais não apresentaram nenhuma perda de desempenho e tiveram maior conforto gástrico ao se hidratarem com ACP com polpa de maracujá.Conclusão:As respostas fisiológicas mostram a eficiência de ACP com polpa de maracujá como um repositor de eletrólitos seme-lhante ao do produto Gatorade sabor maracujá, podendo assim ACP com polpa de maracujá também ser utilizada como uma bebida esportiva.

ABSTRACTIntroduction:The use of sports drinks has been adopted in various forms in order to provide adequate hydration during physical activities. Green coconut water has been used as electrolyte replenishing due to its physicochemical composition, which is rich in minerals.Objective: To evaluate a sports drink based on powdered coconut water (ACP ) as from a blend of ACP with passion fruit pulp (Passiflora edulis S.), focused on the functional food market, aiming at improving the performance of amateur and professional athletes compared with an electrolytic replenishing already established in the market (passion fruit flavored Gatorade ).Methods:The experiment followed a completely rando-mized design in a factorial scheme 2 x 2 x 3 (2 genders x 2 drink types x 3 times a week) comparing the performance of two groups of athletes, five male athletes and five female athletes, as to the effectiveness of two hydroelectrolytic supplements (ACP with 20% passion fruit pulp and passion fruit flavored Gatorade ) on different days of the week (Monday, Wednesday and Friday).Results:ACP with passion fruit pulp showed results similar to the passion fruit flavored Gatorade in relation to blood plasma osmolarity of athletes, who experienced no loss of performance and more gastric comfort when hydrated with ACP with passion fruit pulp.Conclusion:The physiological responses show the efficiency of ACP with passion fruit pulp as a replenishing of electrolytes similar to Gatorade passion fruit flavored, the ACP with passion fruit pulp being, therefore, also appropriate to be used as a sports drink.

RESUMENIntroducción:El uso de bebidas deportivas viene siendo adoptado en diversas modalidades con el objetivo de propiciar hidratación adecuada durante actividades físicas. El agua de coco verde viene siendo usada como repositor de electrolitos debido a su composición físico-química rica en sales minerales.Objetivo:Evaluar una bebida deportiva a base de agua de coco en polvo (ACP ) a partir de un blend de ACP con pulpa de maracuyá (Passiflora edulis S.) dirigida al mercado de alimentos funcionales, con el objetivo de mejorar el desempeño de atletas amateurs y profesionales en relación a un producto repositor electrolítico ya establecido en el mercado (Gatorade sabor maracuyá).Métodos:El experimento obedeció a una delineación totalmente casualizada en esquema factorial 2 x 2 x 3 (2 géneros x 2 tipos de bebidas x 3 días de la semana), comparando el desempeño de dos grupos de atletas, siendo cinco atletas del sexo masculino y cinco atletas del sexo femenino, en relación a la eficacia de dos suplementos hidroelectrolíticos (ACP(r) con 20% de pulpa de maracuyá y Gatorade sabor maracuyá) en diferentes días de la semana (lunes, miércoles y viernes).Resultados:ACP(r) con pulpa de maracuyá presentó resultados semejantes al Gatorade sabor maracuyá en relación a la osmolaridad plasmática de la sangre de los atletas, los que no presentaron ninguna pérdida de desempeño y tuvieron mayor comodidad gástrica al hidratarse con ACP con pulpa de maracuyá.Conclusión:Las respuestas fisiológicas muestran la eficiencia de ACP con pulpa de maracuyá como un repositor de electrolitos semejante al del producto Gatorade sabor maracuyá, pudiendo así ACP con pulpa de maracuyá también ser utilizada como una bebida deportiva.

Investigation of medicines with potential xerostomic effect used in institutionalized elderly

Introduction: Several factors affect the salivary flow and cause xerostomia, i.e. aging, diets, radiation, various pathologies and the use of drugs. Objective: This study aimed to investigate drugs with potential xerostomic effect in institutionalized elderly patients. Material and methods: 235 elderly were investigated, of both sexes, of which 123 were women (52.3%) and 112 (47.7%) were men. In addition to the gender and age, the use of medications containing side effects of xerostomia/dry mouth/ hyposalivation or hyposialia was investigated. Such drugs were separated according to their medical area of expertise: Cardiology, Gastroenterology, Allergy, Neurology and pulmonology Results: When investigated the amount of drugs used for female patients, it was observed that 83 (67.5%) used up to five drugs, 35 (28.4%) between 6 and 10 and medicines, and 5 (4.1%) more than 10 drugs. When analyzed the amount of drugs used for male patients, it was observed that 88(78.6%) used up to five drugs, 17 (15.2%) were between 6 and 10 7 medicines, and (6.2%) more than 10 drugs. By analyzing the drugs with xerostomic potential, we found 354 medicines. Among these, 181 (51.1%) were used in Neurology, 45 (12.7%) had been prescribed in Cardiology, 33 (9.2%) were used drugs for allergic conditions, 80 (22.3%) were prescribed in gastroenterology and 15 (4.3%) in pulmonology. Conclusion: It can be concluded that many medications used to treat institutionalized elderly had xerostomic potential effect, notably those used in Neurology. Polypharmacy is also present, especially in the older age group.

Identificação dos ingredientes ativos e enxaguatórios bucais, por cirurgiões-dentistas e acadêmicos / Identification of active ingredients in mouthwashes by dentists and dental students

Introdução: os enxaguatórios bucais consistem em uma mistura de componentes com a inclusão de agentes antimicrobianos farmacologicamente ativos. Dentre os ingredientes ativos, os mais frequentemente utilizados são: clorexidina, cloreto de cetilpiridínio, triclosan e óleos essenciais. Objetivo: investigar o grau de reconhecimento de cirurgiões-dentistas e acadêmicos de Odontologia entre os ingredientes ativos presentes nos enxaguatórios bucais e seus respectivos produtos comerciais. Material e métodos: foi aplicado um questionário para 380 cirurgiões-dentistas e 300 estudantes de Odontologia, contendo perguntas, como: gênero, idade, situação profissional (acadêmico ou graduado) e principal especialidade (para graduados). No questionário foram expostos oito produtos comerciais (Cepacol Plus Revitalizante; Listerine Zero; PerioTherapy; Plax Classic; PerioGard; Oral-B Pró-Saúde; Plax Fresh Mint; e Listerine Cuidado Total) para que os avaliados indicassem seus respectivos ingredientes ativos (clorexidina, cloreto de cetilpiridínio, triclosan e óleos essenciais). Resultados: PerioGard e PerioTherapy foram os produtos nos quais os dois grupos mais acertaram a composição. Oral-B Pró-Saúde e Plax Classic foram os produtos nos quais ocorreram mais erros, igualmente nos dois grupos. Entre os outros quatro produtos, ocorreu uma inversão na ordem do reconhecimento dos avaliados. Em ambos os grupos, somente PerioGard e PerioTherapy tiveram acertos acima de 50%. Conclusão: pôde-se concluir que o reconhecimento acerca dos ingredientes ativos presentes nos enxaguatórios bucais mais presentes no mercado é limitado, tanto por parte de profi ssionais quanto de acadêmicos, o que pode levar a indicações errôneas.

Molecular analysis of oral bacteria in dental biofilm and atherosclerotic plaques of patients with vascular disease.

BACKGROUND: Oral bacteria have been detected in atherosclerotic plaques at a variable frequency; however, the connection between oral health and vascular and oral bacterial profiles of patients with vascular disease is not clearly established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of oral bacterial DNA in the mouth and atherosclerotic plaques, in addition to assessing the patients' caries and periodontal disease history. METHODS: Thirty samples of supragingival and subgingival plaque, saliva and atherosclerotic plaques of 13 patients with carotid stenosis or aortic aneurysm were evaluated, through real-time polymerase chain reaction, for the presence of Streptococcus mutans (SM), Prevotella intermedia (PI), Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG) and Treponema denticola (TD). All patients were submitted to oral examination using the DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) and PSR (Periodontal Screening and Recording) indexes. Histopathological analysis of the atherosclerotic plaques was performed. RESULTS: Most of the patients were edentulous (76.9%). SM, PI, PG and TD were detected in 100.0%, 92.0%, 15.3% and 30.7% of the oral samples, respectively. SM was the most prevalent targeted bacteria in atherosclerotic plaques, detected in 100% of the samples, followed by PI (7.1%). The vascular samples were negative for PG and TD. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the presence of PG and TD in the oral cavity and vascular samples. CONCLUSION: SM was found at a high frequency in oral and vascular samples, even in edentulous patients, and its presence in atherosclerotic plaques suggests the possible involvement of this bacterium in the disease progression.

Burnout syndrome: evaluation in dentists in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of burnout syndrome in dentists in the city of Fortaleza. Material and methods: By means of an analytical-descriptive research of quantitative character through the application of a MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory) and a socio-cultural questionnaire. Results: The sample of 100 respondents was equally divided into female and male (50%), with a mean age of 38.09 years, 60% married, 34% single and 6% divorced. Most of the participants had between one and 20 years of tenure (62%), with a predominance of weekly working hours from 21 to 40 hours (44%). Conclusion: Burnout syndrome was diagnosed in 32% of respondents, without statistical significant differences in the relationship among gender and working hours, marital status and years of tenure (Mann Whiteney p < 0.005).

Prevalência de edentulismo e situação periodontal em idosos atendidos no curso de odontologia da Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR) / Prevalence of edentulism and the periodontal status of elderly assisted in the Course of Dentistry in the University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR)

A saúde bucal do idoso é um dos pontos a serem considerados visto que a demanda desse público na busca de melhoria de sua condição bucal também tem sido elevada. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a condição periodontal e a prevalência de desdentados totais entre idosos atendidos no Curso de Odontologia da Universidade de Fortaleza-UNIFOR. Foram investigados o Odontograma e o Exame Periodontal Simplificado (PSR) em 500 prontuários. Destes, 139 (27,8%) eram desdentados totais, tendo sido verificado o PSR em 361 (72,2%) pacientes. Quando avaliados todos os 2166 sextantes com unidades dentárias, foi identificado com código 0 em apenas 29 (1,3%) sextantes, código 1 em 125 (5,8%), código 2 em 843 (39%), código 3 em 420 (19,4%) e código 4 em 248 (11,4%) sextantes. Pode-se concluir que a presença de doença periodontal mais avançada encontrada é bem maior que observada no Brasil segundo dados do SB Brasil 2010. Contudo a presença de pacientes desdentados foi muito menor, o que leva crer que a maior quantidade de unidades dentárias possibilite uma maior prevalência de periodontite.

The oral health of the elderly is one of the points to be considered since the demand of the public in search of improving their oral condition has also been high. The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal status and the prevalence of edentulous among elderly assisted in the Course of Dentistry in the University of Fortaleza-UNIFOR. We investigated the dental chart and Periodontal Screening Examination (PSR) in 500 records. Of these, 139 (27.8%) were edentulous, so we had PSR of 361(72.2%) patients. When evaluated all 2166 dental units with sextants with code 0 was identified in only 29 (1.3%) sextants, code 1 in 125 (5.8%), code 2 in 843 (39%), code 3 in 420 (19.4%) and 4 code for 248 (11.4%) sextants. It can be concluded that the presence of more advanced periodontal disease is found much higher than observed in Brazil second data SB Brazil 2010, however the presence of edentulous patients was very low, which leads to believe that the greatest amount of dental units enables one higher prevalence of periodontitis.

Avaliação da condição clínica periodontal em indivíduos portadores de hipopituitarismo / Evaluation of clinical periodontal condition in individuals suffering from hypopituitarism

O termo hipopituitarismo é usado para designar a deficiência de um ou mais hormônios da hipófise anterior ou posterior. Manifestações dentárias também ocorrem, sendo o atraso na erupção dentária uma característica marcante, porém existem poucos relatos na literatura que investigaram as características periodontais dos pacientes portadores desta alteração, tornado-se assim um dos objetivos do nosso estudo. Foram investigados 19 pacientes portadores de hipopituitarismo, sendo o grupo controle formado por 19 pacientes não portadores de hipopituitarismo, não fumantes, não diabéticos e maiores de 18 anos de idade. Para avaliação periodontal foram realizados exames clínicos completos que incluíram os parâmetros de índice de sangramento gengival (ISG), profundidade de sondagem, recessão e perdas dentárias de cada paciente. Após a aplicação do teste qui-quadrado ao nível de significância de 5% evidenciou-se a ausência de associação significativa entre hipopituitarismo e os parâmetros periodontais avaliados, verificando apenas uma maior prevalência de perdas dentárias nos pacientes portadores de hipopituitarismo em relação ao controle

The term hypopituitarism is used to designate a deficiency of one or more hormones of the anterior or posterior pituitary. Dental manifestations also happens, the delayed tooth eruption a remarkable feature, however there are few reports in the literature showing the characteristics of periodontal patients with this amendment, made it one of the purpose of our study. We investigated 19 patients with hypopituitarism, and the control group of 19 patients without hypopituitarism, non-smoking, non-diabetic and 18 years old. We evaluated the gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing depth, recession and tooth loss for each patient. After application of the chisquare test at a significance level of 5% revealed the absence of any relationship between hypopituitarism with periodontal disease by checking only a higher prevalence of tooth loss in patients with hypopituitarism compared to control

[Evaluation of dental insertion loss in patients with chronic kidney disease]. / Avaliação da perda de inserção dentária em pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise.

Chronic kidney failure (CKF) is a clinical syndrome due to the slow, progressive and irreversible loss of the glomerular filtration rate. CKF may be associated with several oral manifestations, such as xerostomia, uremic stomatitis and periodontitis, diagnosed as clinical attachment loss (CAL). 92 patients, from the Prontorim Hemodialysis Clinic of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, were investigated. Only 34 patients (37%) were eligible for periodontal investigation, which consisted of CAL measurement (values grater than 2 mm diagnosing periodontitis). CAL measurements ranged from 1.31 to 5.27 mm (2.30 ± 0.96 mm). 18 (52.9%) patients had smaller than 2 mm CAL, while 16 (47.1%) had periodontitis. Tooth loss and considerable CAL were observed in this study. Nevertheless, factors such as social status should be considered in further investigations.